Internet of Things (IoT) & Embedded Systems Architecture

OpenWrt turns commodity routers into programmable edge gateways with package management, firewall control, and VPN support. Custom…

Zephyr and FreeRTOS both run on microcontrollers, but they target different projects. Zephyr offers a broad, standardized ecosyste…

MQTT is the default protocol for constrained devices because it is lightweight and supports publish-subscribe semantics. Scaling t…

OTA updates keep deployed devices patched, but a failed update can brick hardware you cannot reach. A safe design uses signed imag…

TinyML runs small models directly on microcontrollers, enabling vibration, audio, and vision inference without sending raw data to…

IoT devices fail security in predictable ways: default credentials, exposed debug interfaces, unsigned firmware, and no update pat…

Home Assistant runs local automation across hundreds of integrations, and performance depends on database choice, recorder setting…

Factories run on Modbus, CAN bus, and other fieldbus protocols that predate IP networking. Bridging them to modern systems require…

LoRaWAN provides long-range, low-power connectivity for sensors spread across wide areas. Running a private network means managing…

Battery-powered Linux devices live or die by idle power. Most of the budget goes to wake-ups, radios, and peripherals that never t…